feat: Add comprehensive Authorization Implementation Guide for Next.js application, detailing authentication, role-based access control, and security best practices
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AUTHORIZATION_IMPLEMENTATION.md
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AUTHORIZATION_IMPLEMENTATION.md
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# Authorization Implementation Guide
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## Project Overview
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This document outlines the implementation strategy for adding authentication and authorization to the Project Management Panel - a Next.js 15 application with SQLite database.
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## Current State Analysis
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### ✅ What We Have
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- **Framework**: Next.js 15 with App Router
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- **Database**: SQLite with better-sqlite3
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- **API Routes**: Multiple unprotected endpoints (projects, contracts, tasks, notes)
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- **UI**: Basic navigation and CRUD interfaces
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- **Security**: ⚠️ **NONE** - All endpoints are publicly accessible
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### ❌ What's Missing
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- User authentication system
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- Session management
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- Role-based access control
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- API route protection
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- Input validation & sanitization
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- Security middleware
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## Recommended Implementation Strategy
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### 1. Authentication Solution: NextAuth.js
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**Why NextAuth.js?**
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- ✅ Native Next.js 15 App Router support
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- ✅ Database session management
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- ✅ Built-in security features (CSRF, JWT handling)
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- ✅ Flexible provider system
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- ✅ SQLite adapter available
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### 2. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
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**Proposed User Roles:**
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| Role | Permissions | Use Case |
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|------|-------------|----------|
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| **Admin** | Full system access, user management | System administrators |
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| **Project Manager** | Manage all projects/tasks, view reports | Team leads, supervisors |
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| **User** | View/edit assigned projects/tasks | Regular employees |
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| **Read-only** | View-only access to data | Clients, stakeholders |
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## Implementation Plan
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### Phase 1: Foundation Setup
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#### 1.1 Install Dependencies
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```bash
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npm install next-auth@beta @auth/better-sqlite3-adapter
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npm install bcryptjs zod
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npm install @types/bcryptjs # if using TypeScript
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```
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#### 1.2 Environment Configuration
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Create `.env.local`:
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```env
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# NextAuth.js Configuration
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NEXTAUTH_SECRET=your-super-secret-key-here-minimum-32-characters
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NEXTAUTH_URL=http://localhost:3000
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# Database
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DATABASE_URL=./data/database.sqlite
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# Optional: Email configuration for password reset
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EMAIL_SERVER_HOST=smtp.gmail.com
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EMAIL_SERVER_PORT=587
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EMAIL_SERVER_USER=your-email@gmail.com
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EMAIL_SERVER_PASSWORD=your-app-password
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EMAIL_FROM=noreply@yourapp.com
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```
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#### 1.3 Database Schema Extension
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Add to `src/lib/init-db.js`:
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```sql
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-- Users table
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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
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id TEXT PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT (lower(hex(randomblob(16)))),
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name TEXT NOT NULL,
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email TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
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password_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
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role TEXT CHECK(role IN ('admin', 'project_manager', 'user', 'read_only')) DEFAULT 'user',
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created_at TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
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updated_at TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
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is_active INTEGER DEFAULT 1,
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last_login TEXT,
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failed_login_attempts INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
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locked_until TEXT
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);
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-- NextAuth.js required tables
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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS accounts (
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id TEXT PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT (lower(hex(randomblob(16)))),
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userId TEXT NOT NULL,
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type TEXT NOT NULL,
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provider TEXT NOT NULL,
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providerAccountId TEXT NOT NULL,
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refresh_token TEXT,
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access_token TEXT,
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expires_at INTEGER,
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token_type TEXT,
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scope TEXT,
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id_token TEXT,
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session_state TEXT,
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created_at TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
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FOREIGN KEY (userId) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
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);
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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sessions (
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id TEXT PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT (lower(hex(randomblob(16)))),
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sessionToken TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
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userId TEXT NOT NULL,
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expires TEXT NOT NULL,
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created_at TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
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FOREIGN KEY (userId) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
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);
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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS verification_tokens (
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identifier TEXT NOT NULL,
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token TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
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expires TEXT NOT NULL,
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created_at TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
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PRIMARY KEY (identifier, token)
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);
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-- Audit log table for security tracking
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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS audit_logs (
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id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
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user_id TEXT,
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action TEXT NOT NULL,
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resource_type TEXT,
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resource_id TEXT,
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ip_address TEXT,
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user_agent TEXT,
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timestamp TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
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details TEXT,
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FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
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);
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-- Create indexes for performance
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CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_email ON users(email);
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CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_sessions_token ON sessions(sessionToken);
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CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_accounts_user ON accounts(userId);
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CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_audit_user_timestamp ON audit_logs(user_id, timestamp);
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```
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### Phase 2: Authentication Core
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#### 2.1 NextAuth.js Configuration
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Create `src/lib/auth.js`:
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```javascript
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import NextAuth from "next-auth"
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import CredentialsProvider from "next-auth/providers/credentials"
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import { BetterSQLite3Adapter } from "@auth/better-sqlite3-adapter"
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import db from "./db.js"
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import bcrypt from "bcryptjs"
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import { z } from "zod"
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const loginSchema = z.object({
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email: z.string().email("Invalid email format"),
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password: z.string().min(6, "Password must be at least 6 characters")
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})
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export const { handlers, auth, signIn, signOut } = NextAuth({
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adapter: BetterSQLite3Adapter(db),
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session: {
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strategy: "database",
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maxAge: 30 * 24 * 60 * 60, // 30 days
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updateAge: 24 * 60 * 60, // 24 hours
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},
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providers: [
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CredentialsProvider({
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name: "credentials",
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credentials: {
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email: { label: "Email", type: "email" },
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password: { label: "Password", type: "password" }
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},
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async authorize(credentials, req) {
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try {
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// Validate input
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const validatedFields = loginSchema.parse(credentials)
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// Check if user exists and is active
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const user = db.prepare(`
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SELECT id, email, name, password_hash, role, is_active,
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failed_login_attempts, locked_until
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FROM users
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WHERE email = ? AND is_active = 1
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`).get(validatedFields.email)
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if (!user) {
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throw new Error("Invalid credentials")
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}
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// Check if account is locked
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if (user.locked_until && new Date(user.locked_until) > new Date()) {
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throw new Error("Account temporarily locked")
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}
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// Verify password
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const isValidPassword = await bcrypt.compare(validatedFields.password, user.password_hash)
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if (!isValidPassword) {
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// Increment failed attempts
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db.prepare(`
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UPDATE users
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SET failed_login_attempts = failed_login_attempts + 1,
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locked_until = CASE
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WHEN failed_login_attempts >= 4
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THEN datetime('now', '+15 minutes')
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ELSE locked_until
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END
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WHERE id = ?
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`).run(user.id)
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throw new Error("Invalid credentials")
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}
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// Reset failed attempts and update last login
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db.prepare(`
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UPDATE users
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SET failed_login_attempts = 0,
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locked_until = NULL,
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last_login = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
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WHERE id = ?
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`).run(user.id)
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// Log successful login
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logAuditEvent(user.id, 'LOGIN_SUCCESS', 'user', user.id, req)
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return {
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id: user.id,
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email: user.email,
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name: user.name,
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role: user.role
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}
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} catch (error) {
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console.error("Login error:", error)
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return null
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}
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}
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})
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],
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callbacks: {
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async jwt({ token, user, account }) {
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if (user) {
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token.role = user.role
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token.userId = user.id
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}
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return token
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},
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async session({ session, token, user }) {
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if (token) {
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session.user.id = token.userId || token.sub
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session.user.role = token.role || user?.role
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}
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return session
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},
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async signIn({ user, account, profile, email, credentials }) {
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// Additional sign-in logic if needed
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return true
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}
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},
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pages: {
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signIn: '/auth/signin',
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signOut: '/auth/signout',
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error: '/auth/error'
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},
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events: {
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async signOut({ session, token }) {
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if (session?.user?.id) {
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logAuditEvent(session.user.id, 'LOGOUT', 'user', session.user.id)
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}
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}
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}
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})
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// Audit logging helper
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function logAuditEvent(userId, action, resourceType, resourceId, req = null) {
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try {
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db.prepare(`
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INSERT INTO audit_logs (user_id, action, resource_type, resource_id, ip_address, user_agent)
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VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
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`).run(
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userId,
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action,
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resourceType,
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resourceId,
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req?.ip || 'unknown',
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req?.headers?.['user-agent'] || 'unknown'
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)
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} catch (error) {
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console.error("Audit log error:", error)
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}
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}
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```
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#### 2.2 API Route Handlers
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Create `src/app/api/auth/[...nextauth]/route.js`:
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```javascript
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import { handlers } from "@/lib/auth"
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export const { GET, POST } = handlers
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```
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### Phase 3: Authorization Middleware
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#### 3.1 API Protection Middleware
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Create `src/lib/middleware/auth.js`:
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```javascript
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import { auth } from "@/lib/auth"
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import { NextResponse } from "next/server"
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import { z } from "zod"
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// Role hierarchy for permission checking
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const ROLE_HIERARCHY = {
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'admin': 4,
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'project_manager': 3,
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'user': 2,
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'read_only': 1
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}
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export function withAuth(handler, options = {}) {
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return async (req, context) => {
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try {
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const session = await auth()
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// Check if user is authenticated
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if (!session?.user) {
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: "Authentication required" },
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{ status: 401 }
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)
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}
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// Check if user account is active
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const user = db.prepare("SELECT is_active FROM users WHERE id = ?").get(session.user.id)
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if (!user?.is_active) {
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: "Account deactivated" },
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{ status: 403 }
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)
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}
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// Check role-based permissions
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if (options.requiredRole && !hasPermission(session.user.role, options.requiredRole)) {
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logAuditEvent(session.user.id, 'ACCESS_DENIED', options.resource || 'api', req.url)
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: "Insufficient permissions" },
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{ status: 403 }
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)
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}
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// Check resource-specific permissions
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if (options.checkResourceAccess) {
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const hasAccess = await options.checkResourceAccess(session.user, context.params)
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if (!hasAccess) {
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: "Access denied to this resource" },
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{ status: 403 }
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)
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}
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}
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// Validate request body if schema provided
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if (options.bodySchema && (req.method === 'POST' || req.method === 'PUT' || req.method === 'PATCH')) {
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try {
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const body = await req.json()
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options.bodySchema.parse(body)
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} catch (error) {
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: "Invalid request data", details: error.errors },
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{ status: 400 }
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)
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}
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}
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// Add user info to request
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req.user = session.user
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req.session = session
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// Call the original handler
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return await handler(req, context)
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} catch (error) {
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console.error("Auth middleware error:", error)
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: "Internal server error" },
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{ status: 500 }
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)
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}
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}
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}
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export function hasPermission(userRole, requiredRole) {
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return ROLE_HIERARCHY[userRole] >= ROLE_HIERARCHY[requiredRole]
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}
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// Helper for read-only operations
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export function withReadAuth(handler) {
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return withAuth(handler, { requiredRole: 'read_only' })
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}
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// Helper for user-level operations
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export function withUserAuth(handler) {
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return withAuth(handler, { requiredRole: 'user' })
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}
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// Helper for project manager operations
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export function withManagerAuth(handler) {
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return withAuth(handler, { requiredRole: 'project_manager' })
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}
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// Helper for admin operations
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export function withAdminAuth(handler) {
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return withAuth(handler, { requiredRole: 'admin' })
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}
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```
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#### 3.2 Client-Side Route Protection
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Create `src/components/auth/ProtectedRoute.js`:
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```javascript
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"use client"
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import { useSession } from "next-auth/react"
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import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
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import { useEffect } from "react"
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export function ProtectedRoute({ children, requiredRole = null, fallback = null }) {
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const { data: session, status } = useSession()
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const router = useRouter()
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useEffect(() => {
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if (status === "loading") return // Still loading
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if (!session) {
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router.push('/auth/signin')
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return
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}
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if (requiredRole && !hasPermission(session.user.role, requiredRole)) {
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router.push('/unauthorized')
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return
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}
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}, [session, status, router, requiredRole])
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if (status === "loading") {
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return <div className="flex justify-center items-center h-64">Loading...</div>
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}
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if (!session) {
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return fallback || <div>Redirecting to login...</div>
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}
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if (requiredRole && !hasPermission(session.user.role, requiredRole)) {
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return fallback || <div>Access denied</div>
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}
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return children
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}
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function hasPermission(userRole, requiredRole) {
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const roleHierarchy = {
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'admin': 4,
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'project_manager': 3,
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'user': 2,
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'read_only': 1
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}
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return roleHierarchy[userRole] >= roleHierarchy[requiredRole]
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}
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```
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### Phase 4: User Interface Components
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#### 4.1 Authentication Pages
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Pages to create:
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- `src/app/auth/signin/page.js` - Login form
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- `src/app/auth/signout/page.js` - Logout confirmation
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- `src/app/auth/error/page.js` - Error handling
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- `src/app/unauthorized/page.js` - Access denied page
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#### 4.2 Navigation Updates
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Update `src/components/ui/Navigation.js` to include:
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- Login/logout buttons
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- User info display
|
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- Role-based menu items
|
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||||
#### 4.3 User Management Interface
|
||||
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For admin users:
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- User listing and management
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- Role assignment
|
||||
- Account activation/deactivation
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||||
### Phase 5: Security Enhancements
|
||||
|
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#### 5.1 Input Validation Schemas
|
||||
|
||||
Create `src/lib/schemas/` with Zod schemas for all API endpoints:
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// src/lib/schemas/project.js
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import { z } from "zod"
|
||||
|
||||
export const createProjectSchema = z.object({
|
||||
contract_id: z.number().int().positive(),
|
||||
project_name: z.string().min(1).max(255),
|
||||
project_number: z.string().min(1).max(50),
|
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address: z.string().optional(),
|
||||
// ... other fields
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
export const updateProjectSchema = createProjectSchema.partial()
|
||||
```
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||||
|
||||
#### 5.2 Rate Limiting
|
||||
|
||||
Implement rate limiting for sensitive endpoints:
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
// src/lib/middleware/rateLimit.js
|
||||
const attempts = new Map()
|
||||
|
||||
export function withRateLimit(handler, options = { maxAttempts: 5, windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000 }) {
|
||||
return async (req, context) => {
|
||||
const key = req.ip || 'unknown'
|
||||
const now = Date.now()
|
||||
const window = attempts.get(key) || { count: 0, resetTime: now + options.windowMs }
|
||||
|
||||
if (now > window.resetTime) {
|
||||
window.count = 1
|
||||
window.resetTime = now + options.windowMs
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
window.count++
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
attempts.set(key, window)
|
||||
|
||||
if (window.count > options.maxAttempts) {
|
||||
return NextResponse.json(
|
||||
{ error: "Too many requests" },
|
||||
{ status: 429 }
|
||||
)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return handler(req, context)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Implementation Checklist
|
||||
|
||||
### Phase 1: Foundation
|
||||
- [ ] Install dependencies
|
||||
- [ ] Create environment configuration
|
||||
- [ ] Extend database schema
|
||||
- [ ] Create initial admin user script
|
||||
|
||||
### Phase 2: Authentication
|
||||
- [ ] Configure NextAuth.js
|
||||
- [ ] Create API route handlers
|
||||
- [ ] Test login/logout functionality
|
||||
|
||||
### Phase 3: Authorization
|
||||
- [ ] Implement API middleware
|
||||
- [ ] Protect existing API routes
|
||||
- [ ] Create client-side route protection
|
||||
|
||||
### Phase 4: User Interface
|
||||
- [ ] Create authentication pages
|
||||
- [ ] Update navigation component
|
||||
- [ ] Build user management interface
|
||||
|
||||
### Phase 5: Security
|
||||
- [ ] Add input validation to all endpoints
|
||||
- [ ] Implement rate limiting
|
||||
- [ ] Add audit logging
|
||||
- [ ] Create security headers middleware
|
||||
|
||||
## Security Best Practices
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Password Security
|
||||
- Minimum 8 characters
|
||||
- Require special characters, numbers
|
||||
- Hash with bcrypt (cost factor 12+)
|
||||
- Implement password history
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Session Security
|
||||
- Secure cookies
|
||||
- Session rotation
|
||||
- Timeout handling
|
||||
- Device tracking
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. API Security
|
||||
- Input validation on all endpoints
|
||||
- SQL injection prevention (prepared statements)
|
||||
- XSS protection
|
||||
- CSRF tokens
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Audit & Monitoring
|
||||
- Log all authentication events
|
||||
- Monitor failed login attempts
|
||||
- Track permission changes
|
||||
- Alert on suspicious activity
|
||||
|
||||
## Testing Strategy
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Authentication Tests
|
||||
- Valid/invalid login attempts
|
||||
- Password reset functionality
|
||||
- Session expiration
|
||||
- Account lockout
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Authorization Tests
|
||||
- Role-based access control
|
||||
- API endpoint protection
|
||||
- Resource-level permissions
|
||||
- Privilege escalation attempts
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Security Tests
|
||||
- SQL injection attempts
|
||||
- XSS attacks
|
||||
- CSRF attacks
|
||||
- Rate limiting
|
||||
|
||||
## Deployment Considerations
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Environment Variables
|
||||
- Use strong, random secrets
|
||||
- Different keys per environment
|
||||
- Secure secret management
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Database Security
|
||||
- Regular backups
|
||||
- Encryption at rest
|
||||
- Network security
|
||||
- Access logging
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Application Security
|
||||
- HTTPS enforcement
|
||||
- Security headers
|
||||
- Content Security Policy
|
||||
- Regular security updates
|
||||
|
||||
## Migration Strategy
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Development Phase
|
||||
- Implement on development branch
|
||||
- Test thoroughly with sample data
|
||||
- Document all changes
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Staging Deployment
|
||||
- Deploy to staging environment
|
||||
- Performance testing
|
||||
- Security testing
|
||||
- User acceptance testing
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Production Deployment
|
||||
- Database backup before migration
|
||||
- Gradual rollout
|
||||
- Monitor for issues
|
||||
- Rollback plan ready
|
||||
|
||||
## Resources and Documentation
|
||||
|
||||
### NextAuth.js
|
||||
- [Official Documentation](https://next-auth.js.org/)
|
||||
- [Better SQLite3 Adapter](https://authjs.dev/reference/adapter/better-sqlite3)
|
||||
|
||||
### Security Libraries
|
||||
- [Zod Validation](https://zod.dev/)
|
||||
- [bcryptjs](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bcryptjs)
|
||||
|
||||
### Best Practices
|
||||
- [OWASP Top 10](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/)
|
||||
- [Next.js Security Guidelines](https://nextjs.org/docs/advanced-features/security-headers)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
**Next Steps**: Choose which phase to implement first and create detailed implementation tickets for development.
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user